Elements of Art

Basic components in a work of art.

Line: A path through space. It may define a shape, imply directions, create value or provide aesthetic effect.

Shape/Form: A defined two-dimensional area (shape) or three dimensional area (form).

Color: The refraction or absorption of light from an object. Color may vary in hue, value and intensity.

Value: Degrees of lightness or darkness.

Texture: The surface character or the tactile qualities experienced through touch; the illusion of tactility as drawn on a two-dimensional surface.

Space: May be the area of the picture plane, the area between two shapes or forms (negative space), the area occupied by a shape/form, or the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.

Principles of Design

Ways to organize elements of art to create composition

Balance: The distribution of visual or physical weight in an artwork (symmetric, asymmetric and radial).

Rhythm: The movement achieved by the repetition of lines, shapes, colors, values and textures.

Contrast: Marked differences in works of art.

Harmony: Refers to the degree of similarity of elements in the composition.

Variety: The condition or quality of being various or varied; a lack of monotony; diversity.

Emphasis: Creates the focus of interest in a composition.

Unity: Refers to how all the elements work together to create an aesthetic experience.